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The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Volume 76, April 2013, Pages 32-40.
Ali Ashraf, Seyed A. Dastgheib, Glennys Mensing, Mark A. Shannon.
Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, 1206 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA and
Illinois State Geological Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, 615 E. Peabody Drive, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
Abstract
Interactions of supercritical water (SCW) with several carbon (including polycrystalline graphite, highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), pyrolytic carbon, and diamond) and selected ceramic materials under oxic or anoxic conditions are investigated. Wettability and surface/material properties of samples, before and after the SCW exposure, are characterized with sessile drop contact angle measurement, profilometry, XPS, XRD, and ToF-SIMS. All tested ceramic materials became more hydrophilic during the SCW exposure, mainly due to hydrolysis reactions. Carbon samples exposed to oxic SCW became more hydrophilic as a result of surface oxidation. Carbon materials, except HOPG and diamond, became more hydrophobic when exposed to anoxic SCW because of degradation of hydrophilic oxygen functionalities. HOPG and diamond became more hydrophilic after anoxic SCW exposure mainly due to the removal of hydrophobic hydrocarbon contaminants. Hydrophobicity of different carbon samples exposed to SCW are explained based on the abundance of surface hydrophilic sites (i.e., oxygen functionalities, reactive carbon dangling bonds or defects), hydrocarbon impurities, and surface roughness.
