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Cement and Concrete Composites, Volume 44, 2013, Pages 1-8.
R.I. Iacobescu, Y. Pontikes, D. Koumpouri, G.N. Angelopoulos.
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 bus 2450, B-3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium nad
Laboratory of Materials and Metallurgy, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26500 Rio, Greece.
Abstract
This study investigated the use of 10 (M1), 17 (M2) and 27 wt.% (M3) electric arc furnace steel slag (EAFS) as a raw material in the production of calcium ferroaluminate belite cement clinker, after firing at 1320 °C. The thermal behavior of the raw meals was studied by TG/DSC and XRD whereas for the analysis of the clinkers, XRD/QXRD, SEM/EDS and EPMA were employed. The resulting clinker was co-grinded with 5 and 20 wt.% Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and the properties were determined by a series of tests in accordance to EN standards. The evolution of hydration was investigated by SEM and the development of compressive strength. The results revealed that the formed phases in the clinkers were C2S, C4AF and C4A3Ŝ. The main hydration products were ettringite, AFm and hydrogarnet. The leached CrVI was below 1 ppm in M3. Compressive strength in cements with 5 wt.% FGD gypsum was (in MPa): 18.3 for M1, 14.3 for M2 and 7.8 for M3 at 28 days, whereas for 20 wt.% FGD gypsum, the values were almost doubled.
