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Mohamed Z.M. Salem, Martin Böhm, Jitka Beránková, Jaromír Srba
Building and Environment, Volume 46, Issue 10, October 2011
Abstract
Different standard methods were used to determine the formaldehyde emission (FE) from particleboard; some of them were defined as European, Japanese and American standards. This study aimed to determine the effect of some manufacturing variables on FE of particleboards produced using melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive with low content of free formaldehyde. The FE from the two types of particleboard (uncoated and laminated of 16–19 mm thickness) was measured with gas analysis method (EN 717-2) as well as the formaldehyde content (FC) with perforator method (EN 120). The European chamber (EN 717-1), Japanese desiccator method (JIS A 1460) and American large chamber (ASTM E 1333-96) values were measured by the conversion factor. The two types of particleboard studies showed differences in their formaldehyde parameters. It was concluded that the amount of formaldehyde emitted from the most of the manufactured boards resulted in the emission class El. In addition, laminating and decreasing the board thickness had a highly significant effect (p < 0.001) on decreasing the formaldehyde parameters. The particleboard E1-emission class had approximately the same value according to the test methods and similar behavior was observed in the relationship between the EN 120 values and EN 717-1, JIS A 1460, the proposed California Air Resource Board (CARB) Phase 1 and 2. This article considers how to estimate the FE values of the international test methods using the conversion factor to eliminate the need for time consuming and expensive equipment.
Formaldehyde is now a presence indoor air pollutant chemical that has been found at low levels at homes, in offices, and in the urban environment. Many of the consumed products including wood based-composites and flooring panes containing formaldehyde-based resins release formaldehyde vapor, leading to consumer dissatisfaction and health hazards-related complaints inside the buildings.
Although regulations within Central and East Europe, especially the Czech Republic, have some way to go before uniformity is achieved and further changes are anticipated, the situation and trends are becoming clearer. These articles considers were evaluated the estimation of the formaldehyde emission values and compared them with other international regulations. We focused primarily on the determination of formaldehyde emission from particleboard, fiberboards, solid wood, plywood, blockboard and flooring manufactured for building and furnishing materials. These types of panels are extensively used inside buildings and measuring their formaldehyde emission now is very important for determining the indoor air quality. The measuring was done with the European small and large chambers (EN 717-1), perforator (EN 120), gas analysis (EN 717-2) and the American small chamber (ASTM D 6007-02).
This work and other work listed below are made with the cooperation between the Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Timber Research and Development Institute, Prague, Czech Republic and Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt.
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Salem MZM, Böhm M, Srba J, Beránková J. Evaluation of formaldehyde emission from different types of wood-based panels and flooring materials using different standard test methods. Build Environ 2012; 49:86–96.
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Salem MZM, Böhm M, Barcík Š, Beránková J. Formaldehyde emission from wood–based panels bonded with different formaldehyde–based resins. Drvna Industrija 2011;62(3):177–183.
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Böhm M, Salem MZM, Srba J. Formaldehyde emission monitoring from a variety of solid wood, plywood, blockboard and flooring products manufactured for building and furnishing materials, J Hazard Mater 2012; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.013.
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Salem MZM, Böhm M, Barcík Š, Srba J. Inter-laboratory comparison of formaldehyde emission from particleboard using ASTM D 6007-02 method. Eur J Wood Prod 2012; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-011-0593-4.
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